Sweeping changes urged to avoid mass deaths from superbugs

Ten million people could die by 2050 unless sweeping changes are agreed upon to tackle mankind's increasing resistance to antibiotics, which can turn common ailments into killers, a new report warns.

Commissioned by the British Government, the Review on Antimicrobial Resistance outlined steps to fight the emergence of "superbugs" as infections become immune to existing drugs, allowing minor injuries and common infections to become deadly.

"It needs to be seen as the economic and security threat that it is, and be at the forefront of the minds of heads of state," said Jim O'Neill, the economist who led the review.

The overuse of antibiotics should be reduced by cutting the vast quantities of medicines given to farm animals, improving diagnoses to stop unnecessary prescriptions, and a global public awareness campaign, the paper urged.

At the same time, researchers should be encouraged to develop new antibiotics through a global fund for research, and rewards for those who manage to develop new drugs.

The cost of the measures was estimated to be $US40 billion ($55.37) over 10 years.

The review found the cost if ignoring the growing problem would be far greater, with authorities facing the cost "sooner or later".

"There is no excuse for inaction given what we know about the impact of rising drug resistance," the report added.

"They can either do so proactively by taking action now and pay less for better outcomes, or remain unprepared and end up spending much more taxpayer money on far worse outcomes further down the line."

The paper argued that the response could be funded through countries' health budgets or through taxes on pharmaceutical companies that do not invest on antibiotic research.

Mr O'Neill, an economist known for coining the term "BRIC" to describe large emerging countries, noted 1 million people had died of antimicrobial resistance since the review started in mid-2014.

The World Health Organisation has already warned antimicrobial resistance may result in "a return to the pre-antibiotic era," when millions of people died in pandemics before drugs were discovered that could treat them.